Submitted By: Brian Robertson

PPT VISION Application Engineer

Application Description

One of the most common inspection requirements for a connector assembly is verifying the Pin Tip True Position (or TP). This inspection verifies that the X/Y position of the pin tip is within the radial tolerance of its expected location, as defined by the part drawing. The sketch to the right shows a general TP specification with actual values.

This type of inspection can easily be performed by IMPACT software. Typically, there are four steps to completing this inspection.

• Establishing the TP datum reference edges or points.
• Establishing the TP ideal (expected) locations.
• Locating the actual pin tip positions of the current part under inspection.
• Checking the actual TP versus the expected TP.

The following sections describe how IMPACT tools are used to implement this inspection.

Establishing the TP datum reference edges or points

Any number of origin locator type tools can be used, depending on the image attributes and datum points. For example, if the datum points are based on “holes” and the image is backlit, then using a Blob tool, which reports centroids, in combination with a Linear Regression tool can establish a valid datum reference. Another example uses the Origin tool, with its sub-pixeling capability, to establish the datum reference. In any case, the established datum reference should correspond to the datum reference that is called out on the part drawing.

Establishing the TP ideal (expected) locations

In an ideal inspection, the expected TP locations are derived from the part drawing. Typical TP specs are called out in a grid configuration with a specific X/Y pitch or offset. From this drawing data, you can calculate the X/Y point pair locations of the ideal grid using the BASIC tool. (See the example below.)

In a more relaxed specification, you can employ the Point Match tool’s “trainable” ideal point list, where it is trained with the current pin tip locations as the ideal, assuming that the current part is the “golden standard.” (See the example below.)

Locating the actual pin tip positions of the current part under inspection

The most common way to locate the pin tips is with a Blob tool. Prior to blob detection though, you might want to use image morphology tools to improve the image quality of the pin tips. Many times the chamfer, cut-off methods, and plating can degrade the pin tip image quality. Employing morphology tools can make the pin tip more defined and contiguous by growing and merging blobs together.

Once the image is improved with morphology tools, the Blob tool can detect these pin tips and report the centroid information. One additional feature of the Blob tool is a “Single Blob per ROI” filter setting that can also help improve robustness. With this setting, the tool can filter blobs to find the centermost or largest blob. This helps resolve a multiple blob scenario that may be beyond the morphological tool’s filtering capability or be the result of the threshold operation. (See the examples below.)

Checking the actual TP versus the expected TP

There are two tools in PPT Impact software, Point Match and Grid Statistics, which analyze TP data. The Point Match tool checks the actual point list against the ideal points list. Since the point data is not required to be in any particular order, the points are first analyzed to find “matching” points corresponding to the ideal list. Once all points are matched, they are then checked to see if they are within the positional radial tolerance (TP tolerance). Missing points or points outside the tolerance are identified as failures. The example below shows two points outside the tolerance.

The Grid Statistics tool does a similar, but more extensive, point matching analysis. The tool not only does the same tolerance check as the Point Match tool, but it also does a “Grid Fit” calculation that allows the entire grid to move within a specified tolerance. This type of Grid Fit inspection is useful for Ball Grid Array (BGA) type inspections. (See the example below.)

Summary

In summary, PPT Impact Software has the analysis tools needed to perform True Position (TP) type inspections. The Origin, Morphology and Blob tools can be implemented to robustly find the datum edges and the pin tips. The Point Match and Grid Statistics tools can perform simple point matching or more complex grid analysis algorithms to determine the pass/fail status of the part under inspection.